Abstract: Large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea, little yellow croakerP.polyactis and largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus were three most impotantcommercial fishes in Chinese marine fishery. This paper mianly deals with the dis-tribution, migration of these fishes and their biological characteristics. The paper alsolooks back the process of exploitation and the changes in the yield and abundance ofresources from 1955 fo 1984. The conclusion points out that the violent fluctuationin the yields and the remarkable changes in the population structure were mainly dueto overfishing during the receni 20--30 years. It is more soitable to define the potential yield of long life-span fishes as 1/3 .M.P, (fishable population abundance)or 1/3. 5.M. B. according to our own experiment. In order to improve radically thefish resource status of the sea area, recent fishing intensity should be reduced on alarge scale. To realise this, a great number of problems should be solved such as thoseconcerned with socity, economics and legslation as well as international cooperationwith other countries or regions.