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不同饲料蛋白质水平下“沪苏1号”草鱼与普通草鱼生长性能、肝肠组织学和生长相关基因表达的比较

Comparing the growth, hepatopancreatic and intestinal histology, and growth-related genes expression of “Husu-1” and common Ctenopharyngodon idella at different dietary protein levels

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 比较不同饲料蛋白质水平对“沪苏1号”草鱼和普通草鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、肝肠组织学和生长相关基因表达的影响。
    方法 设计4种等脂饲料，蛋白质水平分别为26%（P26）、29%（P29）、32%（P32）和35%（P35），分别饲喂普通草鱼(5.02±0.04) g和“沪苏1号”草鱼(6.20±0.05) g 8周。
    结果 随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高，草鱼增重率（WG）显著升高，饲料系数（FCR）显著降低；在同等蛋白质水平下，与普通草鱼相比，“沪苏1号”草鱼增重率、采食量、肥满度和肝体比显著升高，饲料系数（除29%蛋白质组外）显著降低。随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高，全鱼粗脂肪含量和脂肪沉积率升高，而蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率则下降；与普通草鱼相比，“沪苏1号”草鱼表现出更高的蛋白质效率、蛋白质和脂肪沉积率。肠道绒毛高度、肌层厚度和胰蛋白酶活性随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高而逐渐升高，而α-淀粉酶活性则降低，但这两种消化酶的活性在32%和35%蛋白质组间无显著性差异，两种草鱼的肠道绒毛高度、肌层厚度和α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性，以及肝脏组织学无显著性差异。饲喂高蛋白质饲料（32%、35%）的草鱼肌肉中igf-1、tor和s6k1基因的表达显著高于低蛋白质组（26%、29%），但在32%、35%两种蛋白质饲料之间无显著性差异；在32%和35%蛋白质水平上，“沪苏1号”草鱼的igf-1、s6k1基因的相对表达量显著高于普通草鱼。
    结论 “沪苏1号”草鱼的生长性能优于普通草鱼，表现为饲料利用率和采食量的提高。

     

    Abstract: “Husu-1” Ctenopharyngodon idella is the first newly bred C. idella species in China. This study compared the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, hepatopancreas and intestine histology and growth-related genes expression of common C. idella and “Husu-1” C. idella fed with various dietary protein levels. Four isolipidic diets were designed with crude protein levels of 26% (P26), 29% (P29), 32% (P32) and 35% (P35), and then fed to common C. idella (5.02±0.04) g and “Husu-1” C. idella (6.20±0.05) g for 8 weeks. The weight gain (WG) of C. idella increased significantly with the increasing dietary protein level, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly. “Husu-1” C. idella showed significantly higher WG, feed intake, condition factor, hepatosmatic index at the same protein level, and lower FCR (except for the 29% protein group) than common C. idella. The crude lipid content and lipid retention of the whole fish increased, while the protein efficiency and protein retention decreased with the increasing dietary protein level. Compared with the common C. idella, “Husu-1” C. idella showed higher protein efficiency, protein retention and lipid retention. The intestinal villus height, muscle layer thickness and trypsin activity gradually increased and α-amylase activity decreased with the increasing protein levels, but no significant differences were observed in the activities of the two digestive enzymes between the 32% and 35% protein groups. The intestinal villus height, muscle layer thickness, α-amylase and trypsin activities, as well as the liver histology were not significantly different between the two C. idella. The expressions of igf-1, tor and s6k1 in the muscle of C. idella fed with high protein diets (32%, 35%) were significantly higher than those of the low protein groups (26%, 29%), but there was no significant difference between the two protein levels of 32% and 35%. Additionally, “Husu-1” C. idella showed significantly higher expressions of igf-1 and s6k1 than common C. idella at dietary protein levels of 32% and 35%. In summary, “Husu-1” C. idella presents better growth performance than common C. idella, which is attributed to the improvement of feed utilization and feed intake.

     

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