Abstract: The tuna fishery is one of the largest commercial and recreational fisheries in the world. Tropical tuna as the primary source of global tuna production holds significant commercial value. Its wide distribution, migratory and movement patterns make it subject to the jurisdiction of multilateral and international fisheries management organizations. A better understanding of the geographical distribution of tropical tuna habitats and the marine environmental characteristics influencing habitat selection could help drive the development of optimal sustainable fisheries management strategies. Globally, the biology and ecological roles of tropical tunas have been extensively and well-studied. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive and systematic review study domestically on the habitat partitioning of three commercial tropical tuna species and their environmental adaptability. This study reviews the research on tropical tuna habitats over different periods, both domestically and internationally. We explore the impact of the physiological mechanisms and behavioral characteristics of tropical tuna on the habitat selection from a physiological and ecological perspective, and provide a classified overview of the two primary methods used in habitat research, direct observation and habitat modeling. We also present a comprehensive analysis of the interspecific variations among three tropical tuna species regarding their global geographical distribution, vertical depth distribution, and preferences and tolerance to different marine environmental factors. Researches indicated that tropical tuna exhibit significant inter-specific differences in their vertical habitat distribution, along with diurnal distribution variations, demonstrating diurnal vertical migration behavior. Tropical tuna typically dive deeper at dawn and ascend at dusk, aligning with the vertical migration pattern of the deep scattering layer. Changes in the marine environment primarily drive the dynamics of tropical tuna population structure and abundance, impacting their habitat distribution. The key environmental characteristics of tropical tuna habitats can be classified into three main categories: physical environmental factors, chemical environmental factors, and biotic factors. Also, the present study comprehensively compiles the environmental characteristics of tropical tuna habitat in thirteen major global marine ecological regions by summarizing the findings from the literature. The ecological regions occupied by tropical tuna can be classified into three main types: the first type consists of regions with high temperatures, low productivity, and relatively shallow mixed layer depth; the second type includes regions with low temperatures, high productivity, and moderate mixed layer depth; and the third type comprises regions with both high temperatures and high productivity. Finally, we offer insights into future research opportunities in the hotspots of tropical tuna habitat by integrating the research frontiers in fisheries and oceanography. In particular, it is essential to focus on the impact processes and driving mechanisms of climate change on population resource dynamics and to distinguish the specific responses of different species to climate change. This knowledge will support relevant organizations in formulating effective measures to address the future impacts of climate change on fisheries.