不同脂肪条件下添加牛磺酸对鲤生长性能、体成分、肝胰脏生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

Effect of taurine supplemention at different dietary lipid levels on growth performance, body composition, hepatopancreas biochemical index and antioxidant capacity of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

  • 摘要: 为探索不同脂肪条件下添加牛磺酸对幼鲤生长性能、体成分、肝胰脏生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,实验在脂肪水平为4.65%和10.22%(高脂水平)的饲料中分别添加0、400、800和1 600 mg/kg的牛磺酸,配制成8种等氮等能实验饲料。以720尾初始体质量为(1.17±0.01) g的健康幼鲤为实验对象,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾实验鱼,分别投喂8种实验饲料,养殖时间为56 d。结果发现,未添加牛磺酸时,4.65%脂肪组幼鲤增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于10.22%脂肪组,而FCR显著低于10.22%脂肪组。添加牛磺酸后,4.65%和10.22%脂肪组中幼鲤的WGR、SGR和PER均显著提高,FCR显著降低;且随着牛磺酸添加量的提高,幼鲤WGR、SGR和PER均呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,且均在牛磺酸添加量为800 mg/kg时最大;FCR则均呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势,均在牛磺酸添加量为800 mg/kg时最小;牛磺酸添加量大于800 mg/kg时,10.22%脂肪组幼鲤WGR、SGR和PER显著高4.65%脂肪组,而FCR则显著低于4.65%脂肪组。幼鲤肝胰脏中总胆固醇及甘油三酯均随牛磺酸添加量的升高而呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,但在4.65%脂肪组中差异不明显,而10.22%脂肪组中差异显著,随着牛磺酸添加量的提高,幼鲤的肥满度均呈先增大后趋于稳定的变化趋势,HSI、VSI则均呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势;幼鲤体组织中粗蛋白质含量呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,粗脂肪含量呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势;幼鲤肝胰脏中SOD、CAT活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且SOD、CAT活性均在牛磺酸添加量为800 mg/kg时最强;而MDA含量则呈降低的变化趋势,且MDA均在牛磺酸添加量为1 600 mg/kg时最低。研究表明,添加800~1 600 mg/kg牛磺酸可显著提高幼鲤对饲料脂肪的利用率,促进其生长,减少体内的脂肪沉积,改善肌肉品质,提高机体的抗氧化能力。

     

    Abstract: This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of taurine supplemention at different dietary lipid levels on growth performance, body composition,hepatopancreas biochemical index and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. A total of 720 healthy juvenile C. carpio with average initial body weight of (1.17±0.01) g were randomly divided into eight treatments (3 replicates per treatment and 30 carp each replicate).Eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated with the graded taurine levels (0,400, 800 and 1 600 mg/kg dry diet, respectively) in dietary lipid level of 4.65% and 10.22% respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed that the weight gain ratio (WGR), the specific growth ratio (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of juvenile C. carpio in 4.65% lipid group were higher than 10.22% lipid group, at the same time, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was the lower than 10.22% lipid group when taurine were not added. The WGR、SGR、PER were significantly improved, while the FCR were significantly decreased when taurine were added. The WGR、SGR、PER of juvenile C. carpio initially increased with increasing dietary taurine levels and then towards stability. Conversely, the feed conversation ratio (FCR) first decreased and then towards stability. The WGR, SGR, PER were all the highest when the dietary taurine level was 800 mg/kg, at the same time, the FCR was the lowest. The WGR、SGR、PER were significantly higher and the FCR were significantly lower in the 10.22% lipid group than 4.65% lipid group when taurine was added more than 800 mg/kg. The total cholesterol (TCH) and triglyeride (TG) in hepatopancreas were gradually decreasing with taurine level increasing. However, there was no significant difference in the 4.65% lipid group, while the difference in the 10.22% lipid group was significant, and the condition factor (CF) of juvenile C. carpio first increased with increasing dietary taurine levels and then towards stability, at the same time, the hepatosomatic index (HIS) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) first decreased and then lowards stability. The crude protein in whole body first increased with increasing dietary taurine levels and then owards stability,while the crude lipid first decreased and then towards stability. With the increase of dietary taurine level, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas first increased then decreased, the activities of SOD and CAT were all the highest when the dietary taurine level was 800 mg/kg. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas was gradually decreasing, and the the content of MDA was the lowest when the dietary taurine level was 1 600 mg/kg. Results of above show that the appropriate dietary taurine level (800–1 600 mg/kg) could effectively improve the utilization of dietary lipid, promote the growth, reduce the lipid deposition, improve the muscle quality and the antioxidant capacity of C. carpio.

     

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