豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙生长、体组成、消化酶活力及肝脏生化指标的影响

Effects of fish meal replacement by soybean meal on growth, body composition, digestive enzyme activities and hepatic biochemical indices of Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana

  • 摘要: 为减少牛蛙饲料鱼粉使用量以降低养殖成本,研究了豆粕替代饲料中不同比例的鱼粉对牛蛙的生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活力和肝脏生化指标的影响。用豆粕分别替代0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料,每组饲料设3重复,养殖牛蛙60 d。结果显示,豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙摄食率、成活率、肝体指数、脏体指数、蛙体水分和灰分含量、蛙腿肌肉组成以及肝脏丙二醛含量的影响不显著;豆粕100%替代鱼粉显著降低牛蛙增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、蛋白质累积率;随豆粕替代鱼粉比例的提高,牛蛙的肥满度和后腿指数呈下降趋势,替代100%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙肥满度,替代60%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙后腿指数;替代80%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙全体粗蛋白的含量;牛蛙全体粗脂肪含量随替代鱼粉比例的提高呈上升的趋势,替代100%鱼粉组粗脂肪含量最高;随着替代比例的提高,牛蛙肠道蛋白酶的活力显著降低,而肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力显著提高。豆粕替代鱼粉显著影响肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力,其中超氧化物歧化酶活力最低值出现在替代80%鱼粉组,过氧化氢酶活力最低值出现在替代100%鱼粉组。基于以上实验结果,建议牛蛙饲料中豆粕可替代鱼粉的比例为60%~80%。

     

    Abstract: In order to decrease dietary fish meal content and culture cost, this experiment was conducted to investigate effects of fish meal replacement by soybean meal on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities and hepatic biochemical indexes of bullfrog, Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana. The basal diet contained 300 g/kg fish meal, then fish meal of basal diet was replaced with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% soybean meal to formulate six iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6, respectively). Bullfrogs were fed with six experimental diets for 60 days. The results showed that no significant differences in feeding rate (FR), survival rate (SR), hepatic somatic index (HSI), viscera somatic index (VSI) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) were found among all treatments. Weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV) of bullfrogs fed with no-fish-meal diet (D6) were significantly lower than those of other groups, while the opposite is true for feed conversion ratio (FCR). Condition factor (CF) and hind leg index (HLI) significantly decreased as the dietary soybean meal increased. No-fish-meal group has the lowest CF among all treatments. Proteases activity in intestine significantly declined as dietary soybean meal level increased, while amylase and lipase activities were just opposite. Fish meal replacement by soybean meal had significant effects on hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalases activity (CAT). SOD activity was the lowest in bullfrogs fed D5 diet. While, CAT activity was the lowest in bullfrogs fed D6 diet. Based on these results, we suggest that 60%-80% fish meal could be replaced by soybean meal in practical diets of bullfrog.

     

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