饲料中可消化淀粉对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和非特异性免疫指标的影响

Effects of dietary digestible starch levels on growth performance, body composition,and non-specific immunological index of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  • 摘要: 配制6种可消化淀粉水平(5.93%、8.71%、11.96%、15.11%、18.16%和21.74%)的等氮和等脂饲料,以实验鱼的生长、体组成、血糖及非特异免疫等作指标,评定大口黑鲈饲料中可消化淀粉的适宜水平。用上述6种饲料饲喂初始体质量(28.36±0.10)g 的大口黑鲈48 d,每种饲料3个重复,每个重复35尾鱼。采用表观饱食投喂,每天饲喂2次。结果显示,饲料中可消化淀粉为21.74%时,实验鱼的成活率最低(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉超过8.71%时,实验鱼的终末体质量、特定生长率和摄食率显著下降(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉为11.96%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率达到最高(P<0.05)。随着可消化淀粉的增加,饲料中脂肪和淀粉的消化率显著降低(P<0.05),但蛋白质的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05);全鱼、肌肉、内脏及肝脏的蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05),而脂肪含量在可消化淀粉上升至8.71%时达到最高,之后又逐渐降低(P<0.05);肝体比、脏体比、肝糖原含量及血清AST和ALT活性显著升高(P<0.05);血红蛋白含量呈逐渐降低的趋势(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉高于11.96%时,实验鱼餐后3至12 h血糖持续升高,呈现长时间的高血糖。可消化淀粉为8.71%时,血清蛋白质含量和血清补体活性最高(P<0.05)。可消化淀粉为11.96%时,血清溶菌酶活性和头肾白细胞呼吸爆发活性最高(P<0.05)。以特定生长率和蛋白质效率为指标作折线回归得出,饲料中可消化淀粉的适宜水平分别为9.22%和10.05%。本研究表明,大口黑鲈利用饲料中可消化淀粉的能力有限。

     

    Abstract: Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with increasing digestible starch levels (5.93%,8.71%,11.96%,15.11%,18.16%,21.74%) were formulated to determine suitable level of digestible starch in diets for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides),based on growth performance,body composition,serum glucose and non-specific immunological index.Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks,in each of which 35 fish with an average initial weight of (28.36±0.10) g were stocked.Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily (8:00 and 16:00) for 48 days.At the end of feeding test,the lowest survival rate was showed with fish fed a diet containing 21.74% dietary digestible starch (DDS) (P<0.05).Final body weight,specific growth rate and feed intake occurred to a significant declining tendency with DDS levels being higher than 8.71% (P<0.05).Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio,however,were the highest with fish fed 11.96% DDS (P<0.05).With an increasing DDS level,apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dietary lipid and starch were found to be lower (P<0.05),but ADCs of dietary protein showed no significant differences (P>0.05).Meanwhile,in the whole body,muscle,viscera and liver of test fish,protein concentrations significantly decreased,but lipid concentrations became the highest in fish fed the diet containing up to 8.71% DDS,and then declined (P<0.05).With a DDS level increasing,hepatosomatic index,viscerosomatic index,liver glycogen content,activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased,but hemoglobin content gradually declined (P<0.05).In fish fed diets containing higher than 11.96% DDS,serum glucose concentrations constantly increased from 3 to 12 h postprandial,and a continuous hyperglycaemia was observed.The highest serum protein content and complement activity (CH50) were found with fish fed the diet with 8.71% DDS (P<0.05),whereas activities of serum lysozyme and respiratory burst of head kidney leukocytes occurred to fish fed the diet with 11.96% DDS (P<0.05).Based on broken-line regression analysis of specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio against DDS levels,the suitable inclusion levels of digestible starch in the diet for largemouth bass were 9.22% and 10.05%,respectively.It can be concluded from this study that largemouth bass have a limited ability to utilize DDS efficiently.

     

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