Abstract: To investigate the genetic variation and diversity of black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii among four cultured populations and six wild populations,the 451bp hypervariable fragments of mitochondrial DNA control region were sequenced and analyzed.The results revealed that the gene diversity indices of cultured populations ranged from 0.540±0.067 to 0.815±0.021,which were significantly lower than those of wild populations(0.883±0.053-0.944±0.028),while the values of nucleotide diversity for both cultured and wild populations were at low level.Among the 52 haplotypes defined,only 12 of them were in the possession of cultured populations which shared 6 haplotypes with the wild populations.The results of pairwise F_st and AMOVA indicated that significant genetic differentiation existed among cultured populations,as well as between wild and cultured populations,which was contrary to that detected among wild populations.No significant genetic differentiations were detected between cultured and wild groups.Significant genealogical structure was not detected either corresponding to the cultured or wild populations based on the MST and NJ analyses.